Our Concern
Biodiversity Program – Saka Energi Muriah Limited
Conservation Area
As a form of PGN Saka’s commitment to environmental conservation through Saka Energi Muriah Limited (SEML), SEML has designated the Mangrove Forest area on the coast of Tluwuk Village, Wedarijaksa District, Pati Regency as a biodiversity conservation area (Kehati) as well as a research zone.
Figure. Location of the Conservation Area in Tluwuk Village
SEML’s conservation efforts represent the company’s commitment to preserving and restoring ecosystem functions, as well as protecting biodiversity (Kehati), including both flora and fauna.
The initial stage in preparing and determining the planned area was carried out through studies and research. Spatially, the scope of the biodiversity monitoring assessment is located at the coordinates 515780.15 m E and 9264768.54 m S, within the Mangrove Ecosystem Area of Tluwuk Village, Wedarijaksa District, Pati Regency, covering an observation area of 24.8 hectares. This serves as a concrete form of biodiversity protection efforts implemented by Saka Energi Muriah Ltd, in accordance with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation (Permen LHK) Number 1 of 2021 concerning PROPER.
IKH calculation results based on the 2024 Biodiversity Baseline Assessment
Gambar. IKH calculation results based on the 2024 Biodiversity Baseline Assessment
Biodiversity Development
Diversity of Flora Types
| No | Scientific Name | Local Name | Family | IUCN (a) | CITES (b) | P₁₀₆ (c) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Avicennia marina | Api-Api Putih | Acanthaceae | LC | – | – | 637 |
| 2 | Bruguiera gymnorhiza | Tancang | Rhizophoraceae | LC | – | – | 2 |
| 3 | Rhizophora stylosa | Bakau Kurap | Rhizophoraceae | LC | – | – | 103 |
Table. Composition of Mangrove Species at Tree Level
| No | Scientific Name | Local Name | Family | IUCN (a) | CITES (b) | P₁₀₆ (c) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Avicennia marina | Api-Api Putih | Acanthaceae | LC | – | – | 205 |
| 2 | Bruguiera gymnorhiza | Tancang | Rhizophoraceae | LC | – | – | 4 |
| 3 | Rhizophora stylosa | Bakau Kurap | Rhizophoraceae | LC | – | – | 66 |
Table. Mangrove Composition at Sapling Level
| No | Scientific Name | Local Name | Family | IUCN (a) | CITES (b) | P₁₀₆ (c) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Avicennia marina | Api-Api Putih | Acanthaceae | LC | – | – | 198 |
| 2 | Bruguiera gymnorhiza | Tancang | Rhizophoraceae | LC | – | – | 4 |
| 3 | Rhizophora stylosa | Bakau Kurap | Rhizophoraceae | LC | – | – | 34 |
Table. Composition of Mangroves at the Seedling Level
The protection status of the mangrove species found at the study site is not classified as protected under either the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 106 of 2018 or CITES. Meanwhile, the IUCN Red List categorizes A. marina, B. gymnorhiza, and R. stylosa as Least Concern (LC), indicating a low risk of extinction.
Mangrove Community Structure
| Parameter | Tree | Sapling | Seedling |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Species (S) | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Number of Individuals (N) | 742 | 275 | 236 |
| Diversity Index (H') | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.58 |
| Evenness Index (E) | 0.39 | 0.51 | 0.53 |
| Richness Index (R) | 0.3 | 0.36 | 0.37 |
| Species Density (Ind/Ha) | 2473 | 3667 | 78667 |
Mangrove Ecosystem Area of Tluwuk Village, Wedarijaksa Subdistrict, Pati Regency, with an observation area of 24.8 hectares, located at coordinates 515780.15 m E and 9264768.54 m S.
Figure Flora Data Collection Point (Mangrove)
Gambar 3. Stasiun Mangrove
Types of Fauna Observed at the Study Location
| No | Scientific Name | Local Name | Famili |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. AVES | |||
| 1 | Limosa lapponica | Biru-laut ekor-blorok | Scolopacidae |
| 2 | Ardeola speciosa | Blekok sawah | Ardeidae |
| 3 | Lonchura leucogastroides | Bondol jawa | Estrilididae |
| 4 | Lonchura punctulata | Bondol peking | Estrilididae |
| 5 | Centropus sp | Bubut | Cuculidae |
| 6 | Passer montanus | Burung-gereja erasia | Passeridae |
| 7 | Cinnyris jugularis | Burung-madu sriganti | Nectariniidae |
| 8 | Caprimulgus ainis | Cabak kota | Caprimulgidae |
| 9 | Ardea alba | Cangak besar | Ardeidae |
| 10 | Halcyon sancta | Cekakak australia | Alcedinidae |
| 11 | Halcyon chloris | Cekakak sungai | Alcedinidae |
| 12 | Pluvialis squatarola | Cerek besar | Scolopacidae |
| 13 | Anarhynchus javanicus | Cerek jawa | Scolopacidae |
| 14 | Pluvialis fulva | Cerek kernyut | Scolopacidae |
| 15 | Charadrius mongolus | Cerek-pasir mongol | Scolopacidae |
| 16 | Pycnonotus aurigaster | Cucak kutilang | Pycnonotidae |
| 17 | Sterna albifrons | Dara-laut kecil | Sternidae |
| 18 | Chlidonias hybridus | Dara-laut kumis | Sternidae |
| 19 | Elanus caeruleus | Elang tikus | Accipitridae |
| 20 | Himantopus leucocephalus | Gagang-bayam belang | Recurvirostridae |
| 21 | Numenius arquata | Gajahan eurasia | Scolopacidae |
| 22 | Numenius phaeopus | Gajahan pengala | Scolopacidae |
| 23 | Lalage nigra | Kapasan kemiri | Campephagidae |
| 24 | Amaurornis phoenicurus | Kareo padi | Rallidae |
| 25 | Calidris ferruginea | Kedidi golgol | Scolopacidae |
| 26 | Calidris ruicollis | Kedidi leher-merah | Scolopacidae |
| 27 | Motacilla tschutschensis | Kicuit kerbau | Motacillidae |
| 28 | Rhipidura javanica | Kipasan belang | Rhipiduridae |
| 29 | Butorides striata | Kokokan laut | Ardeidae |
| 30 | Nycticorax nycticorax | Kowak-malam kelabu | Ardeidae |
| 31 | Egretta garzetta | Kuntul kecil | Ardeidae |
| 32 | Egretta intermedia | Kuntul perak | Ardeidae |
| 33 | Hirundo rustica | Layang-layang asia | Hirundinidae |
| 34 | Hirundo tahitica | Layang-layang batu | Hirundinidae |
| 35 | Geopelia striata | Perkutut jawa | Columbidae |
| 36 | Alcedo coerulescens | Raja-udang biru | Alcedinidae |
| 37 | Gerygone sulphurea | Remetuk laut | Acanthizidae |
| 38 | Streptopelia chinensis | Tekukur biasa | Columbidae |
| 39 | Xenus cinereus | Trinil bedaran | Scolopacidae |
| 40 | Tringa nebularia | Trinil kaki-hijau | Scolopacidae |
| 41 | Tringa guttifer | Trinil nordmann | Scolopacidae |
| 42 | Actitis hypoleucos | Trinil pantai | Scolopacidae |
| 43 | Tringa stagnatilis | Trinil rawa | Scolopacidae |
| 44 | Tringa glareola | Trinil semak | Scolopacidae |
| 45 | Collocalia linchi | Walet linci | Apodidae |
| B. HERPETOFAUNA | |||
| 1 | Gekko gecko | Tokek | Gekkonidae |
| 2 | Hemidactylus frenatus | Cecak kayu | Gekkonidae |
| 3 | Eutropis multifasciata | Kadal | Scinicidae |
| 4 | Cerberus schneiderii | Ular tambak | Homalopsidae |
| 5 | Fordonia leucobalia | Ular air-bakau | Homalopsidae |
| C. GASTROPODA | |||
| 1 | Telescopium telescopium | Keong Bakau | Potamididae |
| 2 | Placuna placenta | Keang Simping | Placunidae |
| 3 | Cerithidea cingulata | Siput Sedot | Potamididae |
| 4 | Cerithidea quadrata | - | Potamididae |
| 5 | Natica tigrina | Kerang macan | Naticidae |
| 6 | Marcia hiantina | - | Veneridae |
| 7 | Sphaerassiminea miniata | - | Assimineidae |
| 8 | Oncidium griseum | - | Onchidiidae |
| 9 | Turritella communis | - | Turritellidae |
| 10 | Pharella javanica | Kerang bambu | Pharidae |
| 11 | Melampus coffeus | Siput Biji Kopi | Ellobiidae |
| 12 | Anadara gubernaculum | Kerang dara | Arcidae |
| 13 | Anadara granosa | Kerang dara | Arcidae |
| 14 | Cassidula aurisfelis | - | Ellobiidae |
| 15 | Harvella plicataria | - | Mactridae |
| 16 | Anadara pilula | Kerang Gelatik | Arcidae |
| 17 | Pila ampullacea | Keong Sawah | Ampullariidae |
| 18 | Pecten maximus | Kerang scallop | Pectinidae |
Bird Species Diversity
The bird species observed in the mangrove forest area of Tluwuk Village amounted to 45 species, consisting of 21 families. Some of the bird species recorded during the monitoring are included in the protected species list based on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 106 of 2018. The bird species categorized as endangered on the IUCN Red List include Tringa guttifer (endangered, EN), Limosa lapponica (near threatened, NT), and 43 other bird species that have a low risk status (Least Concern/LC).
Meanwhile, there are bird species that are listed in the protection status of the CITES Appendix, including Tringa guttifer (Appendix I) and Elanus caeruleus (Appendix II). Additionally, there are 10 bird species protected under Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 106 of 2018, namely Ardea alba, Anarhynchus javanicus, Sterna albifrons, Chlidonias hybridus, Elanus caeruleus, Himantopus leucocephalus, Numenius arquata, Numenius phaeopus, Rhipidura javanica, and Tringa guttifer.
Figure. Protected Bird Types
Some interesting findings in the study site include the Tringa guttifer (Nordmann’s Greenshank) and Tringa stagnatilis (Marsh Sandpiper). Tringa guttifer is a very rare migratory shorebird observed in Indonesia, with records of its sightings in only four locations: the northern coast of Sumatra, Muara Gembong-Bekasi, Trisik Beach in Kulonprogo, and Wonorejo-Surabaya. The discovery in the Tluwuk Village shrimp farming area marks a new record for the northern coast of Java. Meanwhile, the Tringa stagnatilis was observed with a tagging marker: a black flag (top) and a white flag (bottom). This bird was captured and tagged in China, specifically in Shanghai Chongmin Dongtan, on September 17, 2015. This is a common practice among migratory bird researchers to track their movements and migration routes.
Gambar 5. Trinil nordmann, burung yang masuk dalam kategori terancam (EN) yang sangat jarang teramati di pesisir Indonesia
Gambar 6. Trinil rawa; pada kaki terdapat Tagging bendera berwarna hitam (atas) dan putih (bawah) yang menandakan burung tersebut berasal dari Negara Cina
Herpetofauna Diversity
Observations were made along three observation trails, and 5 species of herpetofauna were found with a total of 98 individuals, all of which were reptiles, namely Geckko gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, Eutropis multifasciata, Cerberus schneiderii, and Fordonia leucobalia. Based on identification, these 5 species belong to three families, including Gekkonidae, Scinicidae, and Homalopsidae. Below is a list of species in each herpetofauna family.
Species from the Homalopsidae family are typically found in coastal areas such as mangrove and salt pond areas, where they can survive in tidal zones. Meanwhile, the other three species have a wide range, from lowlands to mountains. Based on the Protection Law, most of the species found are classified as Least Concern / low risk on the IUCN Red List, except for Cerberus schneiderii, which is listed as Not Evaluated. There is one species listed under CITES or trade regulations, Geckko gecko, which is categorized under Appendix II because it is used for consumption or pharmaceutical purposes.
Fish Diversity
The fish species observed during the monitoring in Tluwuk Village in 2024 consisted of 9 species from 8 families. Some of the fish species recorded during the monitoring are included in the protected species list based on IUCN, CITES, and Indonesian regulations. The fish species classified under IUCN threat status are categorized as Least Concern (LC). No species listed under CITES Appendix were found. According to Indonesian regulations (Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018), there are no protected fish species in Tluwuk Village.
The species Trichopsis vittata had the highest number of individuals caught, with 25 individuals recorded. This species is commonly found, although Trichopsis vittata is listed as Least Concern (LC) under IUCN conservation status. The most common family found is Gobiidae, with 2 species of gobies observed on the mangrove mud.
Diversity of Gastropods
The gastropod species observed during the monitoring in Tluwuk Village in 2024 amounted to 18 species from 13 families. Some of the gastropod species recorded during the monitoring are included in the protected species list based on IUCN, CITES, and Indonesian regulations. Of the gastropods that are classified under IUCN threat status, only 4 species are listed as Least Concern (LC), while the rest have not been classified. No gastropod species listed under CITES Appendix were found. According to Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 106 of 2018, there are no protected gastropod species in Tluwuk Village.
The Arcidae family has the highest number of individuals and species recorded, with a total of 211 individuals. This species is very commonly found along the observation trail. The Arcidae family species found at the observation site consists of Anadara pilula, Anadara granosa, and Anadara gubernaculum, but these species have not yet been recorded under IUCN conservation status. The Arcidae family is commonly found in the water’s edge, where they create holes along the riverbanks. Species from this family dominate the observation area, making them the most frequently recorded in the region.
Diversity of Malacostraca
The Malacostraca species observed during the monitoring in Tluwuk Village in 2024 consisted of 5 species from 5 families. Some of the Malacostraca species recorded during the monitoring are included in the protected species list based on IUCN, CITES, and Indonesian regulations. The Malacostraca species classified under IUCN threat status have not yet been assigned a conservation status. No Malacostraca species listed under CITES Appendix were found. According to Indonesian regulations (Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018), there are no protected Malacostraca species in Tluwuk Village.
The species Parasesarma guttatum, locally known as the “wideng crab,” had the highest number of individuals, with 66 individuals recorded. This species is very commonly found along the trail. Parasesarma guttatum has not yet been recorded under IUCN conservation status. The Parasesarma guttatum species lives along the water’s edge, creating holes along the riverbanks. This species dominates the observation area, making it the most frequently recorded in the region.
Sustainability Program
Tluwuk Village will be prepared as a conservation area where the region will also be developed as a tourist destination. The potential that can be developed includes:
Observing migratory birds.
Development and establishment of a mangrove nursery center in Pati.
Mangrove planting to preserve the coastline from erosion.
Development of businesses and activities utilizing the mangrove area.